22/2/26

Recap: Variation of Parameters


  • , where are solutions of the homogeneous differential equation (DE).

Theorem

Let be linearly independent (LI) solutions of , where and are continuous functions of on , and let .

Then,

Proof

We have,

By the row operation :


Existence and Uniqueness of IVP of Order Equation

Theorem

Let be continuous in the domain . Then, any function is a solution of the IVP on if and only if it is a solution of the integral equation

Proof

Let be a solution of the IVP (1).

Since is differentiable, is continuous as well. is continuous and is continuous is integrable.

is a solution of the integral equation (2).

Note that and .

Lipschitz Condition

Definition

A function defined on a domain is said to satisfy the Lipschitz condition with respect to , if there exists a constant such that

where and .

We also say , where is the Lipschitz constant.

Example.